Nutrution across the Life Span [Paperback]

The study of nutrition is both exciting and rewarding. Nutrition Across The Life Span is directed toward students and health care professionals who require a more in-depth knowledge of nutritional needs for their work with individuals from embryo to old age. Physiologic and biochemic principles and results of current research are used to build a foundation for exploration of nutrition across the stages of reproduction, growth and development, and maturation and aging. These serve as the basis for consideration of the social, economic, physiologic, and life-style factors that influence nutrition status, food choices, and specific life-stage concerns. Particular attention is paid to using the principles of nutrition in planning and implementing recommendation for dietary change. The author, who has extensive experience in nutrition counseling and education, first presents foundational information, including dietary standards, nutrition labeling, nutrition assessment skills, and promoting dietary change. She then discusses specific factors that influence health and dietary behaviors and considerations for specific life spans, such as nutrition needs during pregnancy and breast-feeding and during infancy to adolescence-including nutrition for children with developmental delays and disabilities. Subsequent coverage addresses establishing dietary and activity patterns that promote optimum health and reduction of risk of chronic disease in the adult years and nutrition issues associated with eating disorders and physical fitness and performance across more than one stage ofthe life span.

Part 1: FOUNDATIONS

1. Introduction to Nutrition and the Life Span

Nutrient Needs / Dietary Standards / National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention / Nutrition Monitoring / The Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Food Guide Pyramid / Nutrition Labeling / Nutrition across the Life Span / Text Overview

2. Nutrition Screening and Assessment

The Nutrition Care Process / Overview of Nutrition Screening and Assessment / Anthropometry / Laboratory Measurements / Clinical Assessment / Dietary Intake / Nutrition Assessment across the Life Span

3. Promoting Dietary Change

Factors that Facilitate Changes in Client Behavior / Public Health, Health Promotion, and Dietary Changes / Interventions to Modify Dietary Behavior Related to Cancer Risk: Examples from the Field

Part 2: REPRODUCTION

4. Pregnancy

The Female Reproductive Cycle / Nutrition and Reproduction / Effect of Nutrition on Reproduction / Pregnancy / Energy and Nutrient Requirements / Assessment of Nutrition Status / A Diet Plan for Pregnancy / Diet-Related Concerns during Pregnancy / Postpartum: Replenishing Nutrient Stores

5. High-Risk Pregnancy

Maternal Age / Socioeconomic Status / Maternal Body Weight / Multiple Births / Health Conditions of the Mother / Substance Use and Abuse during Pregnancy

6. Lactation and Breast-Feeding

Advantages of Breast-Feeding / Breast-Feeding Rates / Physiology of Lactation / Energy and Nutrient Needs of Lactating Women / Dietary Recommendations for Lactating Women / Maternal Behaviors / Breast-Feeding Basics / Contraindications to Breast-Feeding / Weaning / Promoting Breast-Feeding

Part 3: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

7. Nutrition during Infancy

Growth and Development / Assessment of Nutrition Status / Energy and Nutrient Needs / Feeding Infants / Nutrition-Related Concerns during Infancy

8. The High-Risk Infant

Introduction / Nutrition Risk Factors / Assessment of Nutrition Status / Nutrient Needs of High-Risk Infants / Feeding the High-Risk Infant / Growth and Developmental Outcome / Medical/Surgical Conditions Complicating the Nutritional Management of High-Risk Infants / Special Concerns

9. Nutrition during Growth: Preschool through Preadolescence

Growth / Development / Assessment of Nutrition Status / Nutrient Needs of Children / Nutrition and Oral Health / Factors Influencing Food Intake / Recommendations for Food Intake / Undernutrition / Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease / Promoting Optimal Nutrition for Children

10. Nutrition for Children with Special Needs

Introduction/Definitions / Etiologies / Legislation, Programs, and Services / Examples of Selected Disorders with Nutrition Concerns / Nutrition Needs, Concerns, and Risk Factors / Nutrition Screening, Assessment, Intervention, and Monitoring

11. Nutrition during Adolescence

Growth and Development / Assessment of Nutrition Status / Energy and Nutrient Needs / Factors That Influence Food Habits / Nutrition-Related Concerns of Adolescence / Promoting Positive Food Habits

Part 4: THE ADULT YEARS

12. Adulthood

Physiologic Changes / Psychosocial Development / Nutrition Assessment / Energy and Nutrient Needs / Chronic Health Concerns of Adults / Cancer / Promoting Health and Well-Being

13. Aging and Older Adults

Aging / Physiologic Changes of Aging / Physical, Economic, Psychosocial, and Health Factors Associated with Aging / Energy and Nutrient Needs / Dietary Intakes and Physical Activity Patterns of Older Adults / Assessment of Nutrition Status / Promoting Nutrition for Older Adults / Chronic Health Concerns

Part 5: SPECIAL CONCERNS ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN

14. Eating Dilemmas: Dietary Restraint, Bingeing, Purging, Excessive Consumption, and Excessive Exercise

Anorexia Nervosa / Bulimia Nervosa / Binge Eating Disorder / Overweight Status and Obesity / Excess Weight across the Life Span

15. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Performance

Physical Fitness / The Components of Muscles and How Physical Activity Affects Them / Nutrients That Fuel Physical Activity / Adaptations in Nutrient Use during Physical Activity / Micronutrients, Water, and Physical Activity / Practical Suggestions for Diets of Active Individuals / Brief Practical Suggestions for the Individuals Highlighted in This Chapter / Nutrition Concerns for Active People across the Life Span

Appendix A: Estimated Sodium, Chloride, and Potassium Minimum Requirements of Healthy Persons

Appendix B: Reference Data for Anthropometric Measurements

Appendix C: Example of Food Frequency Questionnaire

Appendix D: Nutrient Content of Breast Milk and Selected Commercial Infant Formulas

Appendix E: Growth Charts: United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Appendix F: Equations for Estimating Stature from Knee Height for Various Groups

Appendix G: Reference Data for Anthropometric Measurements for Men and Women 50 Years of Age and Older

Appendix H: Cultural Dietary Patterns